Positive relationships that provide emotional, informational, instrumental and spiritual support by:

a) building trusting relationships where parents feel respected and appreciated

b) having friends, family members, neighbors and others who:

• provide emotional support (affirming parenting skills)

• provide instrumental support/serve as a resource for parenting information

• provide spiritual support (providing hope and encouragement)

• provide an opportunity to engage with others in a positive manner

• help solve problems

• help buffer parents from stressors

• reduce feelings of isolation

• promote meaningful interactions in a context of mutual trust and respect​​

c) having a sense of connectedness that enables parents to feel secure,            confident and empowered to ''give back'' to others

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